Redux is a predictable state management library used mainly with React applications to manage global application state.

The Context API in React is a way to share data globally across components without passing props manually at every level (avoiding prop drilling).

State management in React means handling and updating data that changes over time and making sure the UI re-renders correctly when that data changes.

useMemo is a React Hook used to memoize (cache) the result of an expensive computation so that it is not recalculated on every render.

It improves performance by recomputing the value only when dependencies change.

In React, Hooks must always be called in the same order on every render.

If Hooks are called conditionally (inside if, loops, or nested functions), React can lose track of which Hook belongs to which state/effect, causing bugs and errors.

Bias vs Variance is one of the most important concepts in Machine Learning interviews because it explains why models fail and how to improve them.

Overfitting happens when a machine learning model learns the training data too well, including noise and unnecessary patterns, causing poor performance on new/unseen data.

Overfitting happens when a Machine Learning model learns the training data too well, including the noise and unnecessary details, causing poor performance on new/unseen data.

ROC-AUC is a common evaluation metric used for classification models, especially binary classification problems.

A Confusion Matrix is a table used to evaluate the performance of a classification model.

It shows:

• What the model predicted

• What the actual correct values were

• Where the model got confused